Impact of number of shipping lines on ports' charges and profits: A game‐theoretic model

Abstract This study examines the effect of changes in number shipping lines on port charges and profits. A two‐stage noncooperative game‐theoretic model with two ports multiple identical is developed. In first stage, decide their container handling charges, second calls to make at each port, given charges. The then applied case competition between New Zealand, Port Tauranga Auckland, derive managerial insights. Our extends literature by incorporating lines. We also demonstrate that a decrease may force increase Furthermore, we show line ships more cargo than industry optimal via lower costs.